LITERATUR / REFERENZEN

“Despite improvements in trauma care, uncontrolled bleeding contributes to 30% to 40% of trauma-related deaths and is the leading cause of potentially preventable early in-hospital deaths.”

“A sampling revealed that the present method of pre-hospital care is wrapping the cold victim in a blanket. This merely provides insulation, which works well for warm people, but has no benefit to a hypothermic patient as pre-hospital care. If a hypothermic victim is alive when rescued but dies during recovery, and there is no other significant trauma or disease, this suggests that death may have resulted from either inappropriate or ineffective treatment, or no treatment at all.”

“Traumatic injury is the leading cause of death worldwide among persons between 5 and 44 years of age and accounts for 10% of all deaths. In 2002, 800,000 injury related deaths in Europe accounted for 8.3% of total deaths. Because trauma affects a disproportionate number of young people, the burden to society in terms of lost productivity, premature death, and disability is considerable.”

“Cardiopulmonary arrest resulting from trauma differs from that caused by medical problems in three significant ways, as follows:
1) Most medical cardiac arrests are the result of either a respiratory problem, such as a foreign body airway obstruction, or a cardiac dysrhythmia that prehospital care providers may be able to treat fairly easily. Cardiac arrest resulting from injury most often results from exsanguinations, or less often, a problem incompatible with life….
2) Medical arrests are best managed with attempts at stabilization at the scene (e.g., removal of airway foreign body, defibrillation). In contrast, traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest is best managed by immediate transport to a facility that offers immediate blood and emergent surgery.
3) Because of the differences in etiology and management, patients with traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest in the prehospital setting have an extremely low likelihood of survival. Less than 4% of trauma patients who require CPR in the prehospital setting survive to be discharged from the hospital….”